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Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer
Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer (December 30, 1878, Budapest - April 12, 1962, Munich) was an Austrian novelist, poet and playwright. Later based in Germany, he belonged to a group of writers that included the likes of Hans Grimm, Rudolf G. Binding, Emil Strauß, Agnes Miegel and Hanns Johst, all of whom found favour under the Nazis.〔Raymond Furness, ''The twentieth century, 1890-1945'', 1978, p. 255〕
== Early life ==
A ''Volksdeutscher'' from the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he attended school in Budapest before furthering his education in Karlsbad and Vienna.〔Robert S. Wistrich, ''Who's Who in Nazi Germany'', 2001, p. 144〕 Kolbenheyer studied philosophy, psychology and zoology at the University of Vienna and earned his PhD in 1905. He became a freelance writer and came to specialise in historical novels that were characterised by their fixation with all things German.〔 In 1908 he published ''Amor Dei'', a novel about life and thinking of the Jewish-Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza, which made Kolbenheyer fairly known. Kolbenheyer published an anthology with own poetry under the title ''Der Dornbusch brennt'' (i.e. ''Burning bush'') in 1922. Between 1917 and 1925 he produced his most celebrated works, a trilogy of novels about Paracelsus, and in these books Kolbenheyer explored the many of the ''Völkisch movement'' concepts prevalent at the time by presenting his hero as the Nordic race archetype struggling against racial degeneracy and immorality.〔Andrew Weeks, ''Paracelsus'', 1997, pp. 25-6〕 In 1929 he published „''Heroische Leidenschaften''“ (i.e. ''Heroic Passions''), a drama about the Italian astronomer Giordano Bruno. Having settled amongst the Sudeten Germans, Kolbenheyer's right-wing attitudes solidified and he came to pre-empt many ideas of Nazism, notably in his theoretical work ''Die Bauhütte'' (1925), which predicted a turn away from 'Judeo-Christianity' as the source of German salvation.〔 This work has been identified as being one of the main influences on Alfred Rosenberg's ''The Myth of the Twentieth Century''.〔Klaus P. Fischer, ''Nazi Germany: A New History'', London, 1996, p. 369〕 In Kolbenheyer's own words the addressee of his book "''Bauhütte''" is the "''philosophical conscience ... of the white race''" which he wanted to arouse.〔Christian Jäger, ''Minoritäre Literatur: Das Konzept der Kleinen Literatur am Beispiel Prager- und Sudetendeutscher Werke'', Deutscher Universitats-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3824446073, p. 158; Kolbenheyer: "''weltanschauliche Gewissen () der weißen Menschheit''"〕 A strong opponent of left-wing politics, he joined Wilhelm Schäfer in resigning from the Akademie der Künste in 1931 over what he saw as their support for the activities of Heinrich Mann and Alfred Döblin.〔Jay W. Baird, ''Hitler's War Poets'', 2008, p. 54〕
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